PHP: Ncurses Terminal Screen Control Functions - Manual

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# XCVIII. Ncurses Terminal Screen Control Functions

# Введение

ncurses (new curses) is a free software emulation of curses in System V Rel 4.0 (and above). It uses terminfo format, supports pads, colors, multiple highlights, form characters and function key mapping. Because of the interactive nature of this library, it will be of little use for writing Web applications, but may be useful when writing scripts meant using PHP from the command line.

Внимание
Это расширение является ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫМ. Поведение этого расширения, включая имена его функций и относящуюся к нему документацию, может измениться в последующих версиях PHP без уведомления. Используйте это расширение на свой страх и риск.

Ncurses is available for the following platforms:

- AIX

- BeOS

- Cygwin

- Digital Unix (aka OSF1)

- FreeBSD

- GNU/Linux

- HPUX

- IRIX

- OS/2

- SCO OpenServer

- Solaris

- SunOS

> Замечание: This extension has been moved to the PECL repository and is no longer bundled with PHP as of PHP 6.0.0

# Требования

You need the ncurses libraries and headerfiles. Download the latest version from the ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ or from an other GNU-Mirror.

# Установка

To get these functions to work, you have to compile the CGI or CLI version of PHP with `--with-ncurses[=DIR]`.

# Настройка во время выполнения

Поведение этих функций зависит от установок в `php.ini`.

Таблица 1. Ncurses configuration options

Name | Default | Changeable | Changelog
--- | --- | --- | ---
ncurses.value | "42" | PHP_INI_ALL |
ncurses.string | "foobar" | PHP_INI_ALL |

Для подробного описания констант PHP_INI_*, обратитесь к документации функции ini_set().

# Типы ресурсов

Данное расширение не определяет никакие типы ресурсов.

# Предопределенные константы

Перечисленные ниже константы определены данным расширением и могут быть доступны только в том случае, если PHP был собран с поддержкой этого расширения или же в том случае, если данное расширение подгружается во время выполнения.

## Error codes

On error ncurses functions return NCURSES_ERR.

## Colors

Таблица 2. ncurses color constants

constant | meaning
--- | ---
NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK | no color (black)
NCURSES_COLOR_WHITE | white
NCURSES_COLOR_RED | red - supported when terminal is in color mode
NCURSES_COLOR_GREEN | green - supported when terminal is in color mode
NCURSES_COLOR_YELLOW | yellow - supported when terminal is in color mode
NCURSES_COLOR_BLUE | blue - supported when terminal is in color mode
NCURSES_COLOR_CYAN | cyan - supported when terminal is in color mode
NCURSES_COLOR_MAGENTA | magenta - supported when terminal is in color mode

## Keys

Таблица 3. ncurses key constants

constant | meaning
--- | ---
NCURSES_KEY_F0 - NCURSES_KEY_F64 | function keys F1 - F64
NCURSES_KEY_DOWN | down arrow
NCURSES_KEY_UP | up arrow
NCURSES_KEY_LEFT | left arrow
NCURSES_KEY_RIGHT | right arrow
NCURSES_KEY_HOME | home key (upward+left arrow)
NCURSES_KEY_BACKSPACE | backspace
NCURSES_KEY_DL | delete line
NCURSES_KEY_IL | insert line
NCURSES_KEY_DC | delete character
NCURSES_KEY_IC | insert char or enter insert mode
NCURSES_KEY_EIC | exit insert char mode
NCURSES_KEY_CLEAR | clear screen
NCURSES_KEY_EOS | clear to end of screen
NCURSES_KEY_EOL | clear to end of line
NCURSES_KEY_SF | scroll one line forward
NCURSES_KEY_SR | scroll one line backward
NCURSES_KEY_NPAGE | next page
NCURSES_KEY_PPAGE | previous page
NCURSES_KEY_STAB | set tab
NCURSES_KEY_CTAB | clear tab
NCURSES_KEY_CATAB | clear all tabs
NCURSES_KEY_SRESET | soft (partial) reset
NCURSES_KEY_RESET | reset or hard reset
NCURSES_KEY_PRINT | print
NCURSES_KEY_LL | lower left
NCURSES_KEY_A1 | upper left of keypad
NCURSES_KEY_A3 | upper right of keypad
NCURSES_KEY_B2 | center of keypad
NCURSES_KEY_C1 | lower left of keypad
NCURSES_KEY_C3 | lower right of keypad
NCURSES_KEY_BTAB | back tab
NCURSES_KEY_BEG | beginning
NCURSES_KEY_CANCEL | cancel
NCURSES_KEY_CLOSE | close
NCURSES_KEY_COMMAND | cmd (command)
NCURSES_KEY_COPY | copy
NCURSES_KEY_CREATE | create
NCURSES_KEY_END | end
NCURSES_KEY_EXIT | exit
NCURSES_KEY_FIND | find
NCURSES_KEY_HELP | help
NCURSES_KEY_MARK | mark
NCURSES_KEY_MESSAGE | message
NCURSES_KEY_MOVE | move
NCURSES_KEY_NEXT | next
NCURSES_KEY_OPEN | open
NCURSES_KEY_OPTIONS | options
NCURSES_KEY_PREVIOUS | previous
NCURSES_KEY_REDO | redo
NCURSES_KEY_REFERENCE | ref (reference)
NCURSES_KEY_REFRESH | refresh
NCURSES_KEY_REPLACE | replace
NCURSES_KEY_RESTART | restart
NCURSES_KEY_RESUME | resume
NCURSES_KEY_SAVE | save
NCURSES_KEY_SBEG | shiftet beg (beginning)
NCURSES_KEY_SCANCEL | shifted cancel
NCURSES_KEY_SCOMMAND | shifted command
NCURSES_KEY_SCOPY | shifted copy
NCURSES_KEY_SCREATE | shifted create
NCURSES_KEY_SDC | shifted delete char
NCURSES_KEY_SDL | shifted delete line
NCURSES_KEY_SELECT | select
NCURSES_KEY_SEND | shifted end
NCURSES_KEY_SEOL | shifted end of line
NCURSES_KEY_SEXIT | shifted exit
NCURSES_KEY_SFIND | shifted find
NCURSES_KEY_SHELP | shifted help
NCURSES_KEY_SHOME | shifted home
NCURSES_KEY_SIC | shifted input
NCURSES_KEY_SLEFT | shifted left arrow
NCURSES_KEY_SMESSAGE | shifted message
NCURSES_KEY_SMOVE | shifted move
NCURSES_KEY_SNEXT | shifted next
NCURSES_KEY_SOPTIONS | shifted options
NCURSES_KEY_SPREVIOUS | shifted previous
NCURSES_KEY_SPRINT | shifted print
NCURSES_KEY_SREDO | shifted redo
NCURSES_KEY_SREPLACE | shifted replace
NCURSES_KEY_SRIGHT | shifted right arrow
NCURSES_KEY_SRSUME | shifted resume
NCURSES_KEY_SSAVE | shifted save
NCURSES_KEY_SSUSPEND | shifted suspend
NCURSES_KEY_UNDO | undo
NCURSES_KEY_MOUSE | mouse event has occurred
NCURSES_KEY_MAX | maximum key value

## Mouse

Таблица 4. mouse constants

Constant | meaning
--- | ---
NCURSES_BUTTON1_RELEASED - NCURSES_BUTTON4_RELEASED | button (1-4) released
NCURSES_BUTTON1_PRESSED - NCURSES_BUTTON4_PRESSED | button (1-4) pressed
NCURSES_BUTTON1_CLICKED - NCURSES_BUTTON4_CLICKED | button (1-4) clicked
NCURSES_BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED - NCURSES_BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED | button (1-4) double clicked
NCURSES_BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED - NCURSES_BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED | button (1-4) triple clicked
NCURSES_BUTTON_CTRL | ctrl pressed during click
NCURSES_BUTTON_SHIFT | shift pressed during click
NCURSES_BUTTON_ALT | alt pressed during click
NCURSES_ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS | report all mouse events
NCURSES_REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION | report mouse position

add a note User Contributed Notes
Ncurses Terminal Screen Control Functions
fisher
02-Jan-2007 10:02
`new version of PHP ncurses FAQ is here: http://alexeyrybak.com/php_ncurses_faq.html`
g_a at freemail dot deletethispart dot hu
02-Feb-2006 06:03
`To determine screen width and height without any external (OS specific) commands, I use:
<?php
ncurses_init();
$fullscreen = ncurses_newwin ( 0, 0, 0, 0);
ncurses_getmaxyx($fullscreen,&$a,&$b);
ncurses_end();
echo "Width:$b\nHeight:$a\n";
?>`
krzysztof dot gorzelak at gmail dot com
05-Nov-2005 02:36
`Here is a small example, how to use STDIN to read keys combinations in console.
$stdin = fopen('php://stdin', 'r');
stream_set_timeout($stdin, 1);
while (1) {
$temp="";
while (1) {
if(stream_select($read = array($stdin), $write = NULL, $except = NULL, 0))
$temp .= ord(fgetc($stdin));
else break;
}
// F1 : $temp == 27914949126
// ALT+F1 : $temp = 2727914949126
// ....
usleep("50000");
}`
fisher
12-Jun-2005 01:23
`russian speakers can find a practice php+ncurses faq with some useful samples here
http://fisher.phpclub.net/php_ncurses_faq.html`
php at nospam dot feraudet dot com
15-Mar-2005 06:02
`just an other ncurses tetris ...
In php with lib_ncurses of course ..
http://feraudet.com/phpntetris.php.txt
Cyril Feraudet`
kermodebear at kermodebear dot org
17-Jun-2004 12:27
`An implementation of a scrolling selection box:
<?php
function ncurses_menu_select( $options, $values, $max_height = 7, $max_width = 20, $y = 2, $x = 2 ) {
// Size inside of borders
$height = $max_height - 2;
$width = $max_width - 2;
// Number of options
$num_options = count( $options );
// Trim all values to fit
foreach( $options as $key => $value ) {
$options[ $key ] = substr( $value, 0, $width );
}
// Create Window
$menu_window = ncurses_newwin( $max_height, $max_width, $y, $x );
ncurses_wborder( $menu_window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
// Initialize Window
$current = 0; // Currently selected
$position = 1; // Position in list
$topitem = 0; // Top menu item
for ( $a = 0; $a < min( $height, $num_options ); $a++ ) {
if ( $a == $current ) {
ncurses_wattron( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $a, 1, $options[ $a ] );
ncurses_wattroff( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
} else {
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $a, 1, $options[ $a ] );
}
}
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1, 0, '*' );
ncurses_wrefresh( $menu_window );
// Loop until a selection is made
while( ! in_array( $key = ncurses_getch( $menu_window ), array( 13, 10 ) ) ) {
if ( $key == NCURSES_KEY_UP && $current > 0 ) {
$move = -1;
} else if ( $key == NCURSES_KEY_DOWN && $current < $num_options - 1 ) {
$move = 1;
} else {
continue;
}
$current += $move;
$position += $move;
// If we scroll off the window, redraw items.
if ( $position < 1 || $position > $height ) {
if ( $position < 1 ) {
$position = 1;
} else {
$position = $height;
}
$topitem += $move;
for ( $a = 1; $a <= $height; $a++ ) {
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, $a, 1, str_repeat( ' ', $width ) );
if ( $a == $position ) {
ncurses_wattron( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, $a, 1, $options[ $topitem + $a - 1 ] );
ncurses_wattroff( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
} else {
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, $a, 1, $options[ $topitem + $a - 1 ] );
}
}
} else { // Just update changed items
ncurses_wattron( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, $position, 1, $options[ $current ] );
ncurses_wattroff( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, $position - $move, 1, $options[ $current - $move ] );
}
// Update 'scroll bar dot'
ncurses_wborder( $menu_window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
$dot_position = round ( ( $current / $num_options ) * ( $height - 1 ) );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $dot_position, 0, '*' );
ncurses_wrefresh( $menu_window );
}
return $values[ $current ];
}
?>`
kermodebear at kermodebear dot org
16-Jun-2004 10:21
`Not calling ncurses_end() can (will) cause issues with terminals. Although registering a shutdown function which includes ncurses_end() may help, sometimes things go awry and you're stuck with a terminal that is acting in strange ways.
This can be fixed! *NIX systems (FreeBSD, Linux, UNIX, et al.) usually support the 'reset' command which resets the terminal settings and allows you to get things back to normal.`
kermodebear at kermodebear dot org
16-Jun-2004 10:17
`Here is a function that takes an associative array, presents a menu in a new window, allows the user to make a choice using up and down arrows and the enter key, and returns the value of the menu item.
Limitations include:
No way of scrolling a long list, either horiontally or vertically;
No arguments for placement on screen, although this is easy to add;
No multiple selection;
Will produce all kinds of errors and warnings if the terminal is smaller than is necessary to create the window.
I'm very new at using the ncurses library; Comments and improvements would be greatly appreciated!
<?php
/**
* Create a simple selection menu
* @param array Associative array; The value will be shown on the menu, while the key will be returned when the associated value is selected.
* @return mixed
*/
function ncurses_menu_select( $menu ) {
$keys = array_keys( $menu );
$values = array_values( $menu );
$height = $width = 0;
$height = count( $menu ) + 2;
foreach( $values as $value ) {
$width = max( $width, strlen( $value ) + 2 );
}
$menu_window = ncurses_newwin( $height, $width, 5, 5 );
ncurses_wborder( $menu_window, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0 );
$current = 0;
for( $a = 0; $a < count( $values ); $a++ ) {
if ( $a == $current ) {
ncurses_wattron( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $a, 1, $values[ $a ] );
ncurses_wattroff( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
} else {
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $a, 1, $values[ $a ] );
}
}
ncurses_wrefresh( $menu_window );
while( ! in_array( $key = ncurses_getch( $menu_window ), array( 13, 10 ) ) ) {
if ( $key == NCURSES_KEY_UP AND $current > 0 ) {
$move = -1;
} else if ( $key == NCURSES_KEY_DOWN and $current < count( $values ) - 1 ) {
$move = 1;
} else {
$move = 0;
}
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $current, 1, $values[ $current ] );
$current += $move;
ncurses_wattron( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_mvwaddstr( $menu_window, 1 + $current, 1, $values[ $current ] );
ncurses_wattroff( $menu_window, NCURSES_A_REVERSE );
ncurses_wrefresh( $menu_window );
}
ncurses_delwin( $menu_window );
return $keys[ $current ];
}
?>
Example Use:
<?php
// Initialie ncurses
$ncurse = ncurses_init();
// A full screen window
$fullscreen = ncurses_newwin ( 0, 0, 0, 0);
// Add a pretty border
ncurses_border(0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0);
// Draw everything so far
ncurses_refresh();
// Set up menu array
$menu_items = array(
'one' => 'Menu Item #1',
'two' => 'Menu Item #2',
'three' => 'Menu Item #3' );
// Display menu and return selection
$selection = ncurses_menu_select( $menu_items );
// Print selection
ncurses_mvaddstr( 1, 1, 'You selected ' . $menu_items[$selection] . ' with the value ' . $selection );
// Draw updates
ncurses_refresh( $fullscreen );
// End
ncurses_end();
?>`
Habib Valanejad
24-Feb-2004 09:46
`What if you want to draw a new window and after removing it, showing the pervious screen again? Unfortunately, there is no such a thing in php/ncurses as there is in original curses library (touchwin if I'm not mistaken - It has been a long time!).
However, you can do this by a simple trick! You can
dump the screen to a temp file and then restore it back
again!
Take a look at this function:
# Function: show_a_win()
# - Displays a small window and writes something in it.
# - waits for a key
# - shows the pervious screen again
function show_a_win()
{
# Dump the current screen into a temp file:
$tmpfile = tempnam("/tmp", "dump.");
# Create a new window.
$newwin = ncurses_newwin(4, 60, 10, 10);
# Write something and then refresh it
ncurses_mvwaddstr($newwin, 1, 1, "This is a test.");
ncurses_wrefresh($newwin);
# Wait for a key
ncurses_wgetch($newwin);
ncurses_delwin($newwin); /* delete the window */
/* Restore the screen the same way it was before entering
* into the function:
*/
ncurses_scr_restore($tmpfile);
unlink($tmpfile); /* Remove temp file */
}`
Habib Valanejad
11-Dec-2003 02:30
`Here is a function which would do the job for missing
ncurses_wclrtoeol() function:
/* wclrtoeol()
* Erases the current line to the right of the cursor
*/
function wclrtoeol($win)
{
# get current position
ncurses_getyx($win, &$crow, &$ccol);
# get maximum row and col for this window:
ncurses_getmaxyx($win, &$max_row, &$max_col);
for ($col = $ccol; $col < $max_col; $col ++){
ncurses_wmove($win, $crow, $col);
ncurses_waddch($win, 32);
}
}`
rainman at darkwired dot org
13-Aug-2003 07:49
`A simple article I wrote about php-ncurses:
https://www.darkwired.org/pub/papers/articles/php-ncurses/`
rainman at darkwired dot org
31-Jul-2003 04:55
`This is not meant as spam to get people to use my client.
I have been working on a PHP4 IRC client with ncurses interface and I think it is a useful example of how ncurses with php could be used.
It is GPL licensed so you can just go and take a loot at it.
It can be found at http://torc.sourceforge.net or http://www.darkwired.org/projects/torc/
I hope this will help out some of you because php ncurses can be quite difficult I experienced :]
For any questions about the code you can ofcourse just mail me.`
Habib Valanejad
25-Jun-2003 02:50
`I had a small problem building php+ncurses support.
ncurses include files were installed in:
ncurses_installed_dir/include/ncurses
This caused problems when building php with ncurse support.
php was looking for include files in:
ncurses_installed_dir/include
However, include files were located in include/ncurses
I had to make symbolic links of files in ncurses directory so php could see them:
# cd ncurses_insalled_directory/include
# ln -s ncurses/* .
After that it worked.`
alex at kazik dot de
19-Jun-2003 05:29
`Here is a more complex example, I wrote:
http://alex.kazik.de/ncurses1.html`
philip at cornado dot com
05-Jun-2003 11:01
`A nice introductory PHP + Ncurses tutorial can be seen here:
* http://www.zend.com/zend/tut/tut-degan.php`
Habib Valanejad
27-Mar-2003 06:13
`For those of you who want to check if <ENTER> key is passed,
you have to check the key agains both NL and CR keys:
function get_str()
{
for ($str = "";;){
$key = ncurses_getch();
switch ($key){
case 10: // newline
case 13: // Carrige Return
return($str);
default:
$str .= chr($key);
ncurses_refresh();
} // switch
} // for
} // get_str()
Hope that would help.`
24-Mar-2003 07:18
`In the example above, if you run resize from a C shell it will output the sizes in C shell syntax, run resize with -u to force Bourne syntax:
The $win parameter is just for future compatibility.
function ncurses_getmaxyx($win, &$y, &$x)
{
exec("/usr/X11R6/bin/resize -u", $output);
$cols = explode("=", $output[0]);
$rows = explode("=", $output[1]);
$x = intval($cols[1]);
$y = intval($rows[1]);
}`
joeldegan AT yahoo.com
15-Dec-2002 12:26
`See the documentation for ncurses_border and ncurses_wrefresh for some more examples of doing windowing and dynamic sizing.. I also posted some information to the zend.com code-gallery for doing ncurses under php.`
joeldegan AT yahoo.com
14-Dec-2002 03:10
`I noticed a lack of a getxy() function so I wrote one.
You may need to change the path for your resize cmd.
<?
function getxy(){
$rez = `/usr/X11R6/bin/resize`;
$rez = explode("\n",$rez);
while(list($key,$val)=each($rez)){
$a=explode("=",$val);
if(trim($a[0])=="COLUMNS"){ $COLUMNS = $a[1]; }
if(trim($a[0])=="LINES"){ $LINES = $a[1]; }
}//
$retval[0]=$COLUMNS;
$retval[1]=$LINES;
return $retval;
}
print_r(getxy());
?>`
joeldegan AT yahoo.com
14-Dec-2002 02:37
`This is from the examples that come with the latest release.
From:
php-4.3.0RC3/ext/ncurses/example1.php
I found this useful...
<?php
$n=0;
ncurses_init();
if(ncurses_has_colors()){
ncurses_start_color();
ncurses_init_pair(1,NCURSES_COLOR_RED,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
ncurses_init_pair(2,NCURSES_COLOR_GREEN,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
ncurses_init_pair(3,NCURSES_COLOR_YELLOW,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
ncurses_init_pair(4,NCURSES_COLOR_BLUE,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
ncurses_init_pair(5,NCURSES_COLOR_MAGENTA,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
ncurses_init_pair(6,NCURSES_COLOR_CYAN,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
ncurses_init_pair(7,NCURSES_COLOR_WHITE,NCURSES_COLOR_BLACK);
}
while(1){
for ($x=0; $x<80; $x++) {
for ($y=0; $y<24; $y++) {
$n++;
ncurses_move($y,$x);
ncurses_addch($n+64);
ncurses_color_set($n%8);
ncurses_refresh();
if($n>26)$n=0;
}
}
ncurses_getch();
}
?>`
joeldegan AT yahoo.com
13-Dec-2002 10:56
`actually *that* example does not work...
here is one that I took and trimmed down from the ncurses examples.
I will do some more and post them here..
<?
ncurses_init();
##############################################
ncurses_noecho();
$large = ncurses_newwin(20, 60, 2, 10);
$small = ncurses_newwin(10, 30, 7, 25);
ncurses_refresh();
ncurses_wrefresh($large);
ncurses_wrefresh($small);
ncurses_mvwaddstr($small, 5, 5, " Test String ");
ncurses_wrefresh($small);
ncurses_getch();
##############################################
ncurses_end(); // Clean up, and quit
?>
This is from PHP 4.3.0RC0 compiled with the following flags..
./configure --prefix=/wwwroot/php --with-config-file-path=/wwwroot/php --with-mysql --enable-pcntl --with-tsrm-pthreads --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-sigchild --enable-sockets --with-ncurses`
nweeks at utas dot edu dot au
07-Nov-2002 04:43
`With your CGI version of PHP compiled with ncurses support, console apps are amazingly easy!
For example:
whack the following into a file, chmod +x it, and run it.
#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
<?php
ncurses_init();
ncurses_border(25,25,18,18,24,24,23,23); // Do a lovely border
ncurses_move(1,1); // Start top left(inside border)
ncurses_addstr("Welcome to NCurses");
ncurses_addstr(" with PHP!");
ncurses_refresh(); // Send buffer to screen
ncurses_end(); // Clean up, and quit
?&gt;
You'll notice the second addstr simply tacks onto the first.`
zak at php dot net
30-May-2002 04:34
`There is a simple ncurses application in the PHP source tree. See http://cvs.php.net/co.php/php-src/ext/ncurses/example1.php?r=1.1`
add a note
ncurses_addch mysqli_warning_count

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