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Last updated: Sat, 27 Jan 2007

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# trim

(PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5)

trim -- Удаляет пробелы из начала и конца строки

## Описание

string trim ( string str [, string charlist] )

Эта функция возвращает строку `str` с удаленными из начала и конца строки пробелами. Если второй параметр не передан, trim() удаляет следующие символы:

- " " (ASCII `32` (`0x20`)), символ пробела.

- "\t" (ASCII `9` (`0x09`)), символ табуляции.

- "\n" (ASCII `10` (`0x0A`)), символ перевода строки.

- "\r" (ASCII `13` (`0x0D`)), символ возврата каретки.

- "\0" (ASCII `0` (`0x00`)), `NUL`-байт.

- "\x0B" (ASCII `11` (`0x0B`)), вертикальная табуляция.

Можно также задать список символов для удаления с помощью аргумента `charlist`. С помощью `..` можно задать диапазон символов.

Пример 1. Пример использования trim()

`<?php
$text = "\t\tЛишь несколько слов :) ... ";
echo trim($text); // "Лишь несколько слов :) ..."
echo trim($text, " \t."); // "Лишь несколько слов :)"
// удалить управляющие символы ASCII из начала и конца
// строки $binary (от 0 до 31 включительно)
$clean = trim($binary, "\x00..\x1F");
?>`

> Замечание: Необязательный аргумент `charlist` был добавлен в версии 4.1.0

См. также описание функций ltrim() и rtrim().

add a note User Contributed Notes
trim
24-Jan-2007 08:04
`I use this to remove leading, trailing and "more than one" space in between words.
$pat[0] = "/^\s+/";
$pat[1] = "/\s{2,}/";
$pat[2] = "/\s+\$/";
$rep[0] = "";
$rep[1] = " ";
$rep[2] = "";
$str = " Words with lots of spaces ";
$str = preg_replace($pat,$rep,$str);
// Output
"Words with lots of spaces"`
Piopier
12-Jan-2007 06:06
`It may be useful to know that trim() returns an empty string when the argument is an unset/null variable.`
asbo/at\iserv/dot\net
19-Nov-2006 12:40
`If you need to trim a string from the beginning and end of a string, then this function maybe prove handy.
<?php
function lrclean($str,$rm) {
$i = strlen($rm);
do {
if (substr($str,0,$i) == $rm) {$str = substr($str,$i);}
} while (substr($str,0,$i) == $rm);
do {
if (substr($str,-$i,$i) == $rm) {$str = substr($str,0,-$i);}
} while (substr($str,-$i,$i) == $rm);
return $str;
}
// prints 'text'
echo lrclean('xyztextxyz','xyz');
?>`
phazei at excite dot com
10-Jul-2006 04:39
`I had some issues using <? array_map('trim',$array) ?> when there was an array in array. All arrays were replaced by the string "Array", drove me crazy.
Hopefully this will help someone:
<?
function trim_array($totrim) {
if (is_array($totrim)) {
$totrim = array_map("trim_array", $totrim);
} else {
$totrim = trim($totrim);
}
return $totrim;
}
?>
USE:
<?
$trimmed_array = trim_array($untrimmed_array);
?>
This function should recurse all embeded arrays.`
rchaube at staff dot atlantic dot net
18-Feb-2006 01:03
`I was accepting text pasted from a csv file into a textarea in my code. I found that even using trim was not able to get rid of the whitespace characters at the end of the string.
Finally, using this helped:
$result = trim($source,"\x7f..\xff\x0..\x1f");
Hope this saves someone few hours. All thanks to previous comment from HW for this`
jonathan at abbett dot org
26-Jan-2006 09:07
`With all this talk about trimming array values, it should be known that accidentally using the trim() function with an array() argument ...
<?php
$array = array(1, 2, 3);
$array = trim($array);
print_r($array); // prints "Array"
echo($array); // also prints "Array"
?>
... yields the string "Array"`
asharm4 at ilstu dot edu
17-Jan-2006 09:30
`This staetment removes the trailing and leading whitespaces from the string..Really useful when handling the form values submitted by a visitor or analyzing a log file.
$trimmed_string = preg_replace ( "/\s\s+/" , " " , $untrimmed_string );
Note : thsi would only remove leading and trailing whitespaces. For the whitespaces in the string use any of the above methods.`
Martin Kealey
14-Dec-2005 02:10
`Using "trim" to minimize the format of a decimal number strikes me as awkward. I would just use:
$str += 0;
This even has the added benefit of ensuring that you have at least one digit (and thus have a valid number) even if the original was empty.`
warhog at warhog dot net
07-Dec-2005 12:28
`I was wondering about much of the examples given below, but the current (2005-12-07) function definition in the manual is not correct.
The function trim is defined as
trim(string string [, string charlist])
you must give the string-parameter and you can optionally add a parameter charlist - these chars are the chars to strip from the beginning and the end of the file.
(its self-evident that the default of this parameter is "\n\t\r\h\v\0 ")
hope that'll help - and that the docs are updated.. i don't know since which php-version that optional parameter can be used - i know that it works with PHP >= 4.3 & >= 5.0 . Maybe it's beeing there since 10 years and just an enormous insider :-)`
davis_utah at yahoo dot com
01-Sep-2005 11:30
`Just a word of caution when looping through a batch of strings (in the thousands or more). Using trim to take off a left over character (like a comma in a csv output) will result in a much slower execution. It is better to use a tiny bit of conditional logic instead.
I believe the reason this is the case is because of having to create a new spot in memory to temporarily handle the result of trim.
Hope this helps.`
rifter at cox dot net
16-Jul-2005 12:49
`Chris wrote:
> Here's a neat function to trim off extraneous zeros and the > decimal, leaving important numbers intact:
> ...
Actually use:
<?php
...
return rtrim(trim($num, '0'), '.');
...
?>
This ensures that a left leading decimal place doesn't get removed i.e. 00.010 should return .01 and not 01.`
chris dot cowart at gmail dot com
05-Jul-2005 10:20
`Here's a neat function to trim off extraneous zeros and the decimal, leaving important numbers intact:
<?php
function clean_num($num){
return trim(trim($num, '0'), '.');
}
echo clean_num('06000.3050');
echo clean_num('500.00');
?>
Output:
6000.305
500
I find it very handy to use when pulling data from decimal fields in MySQL and putting them into <input> fields. Makes everything cleaner :)`
ervin dot kosch at gmail dot com
16-Jun-2005 07:25
`I find that when I use the explode() function to break apart string that read from a text file it sometime leave LF or CR that mess up my text processing. So I wrote this function to get rid of any white spaces or CF/LF that might be causing a problem.
I have had some people report problems in older versions of PHP4.
<?
function utrim($source){
$temp = ltrim($source);
$temp = rtrim($temp);
$temp = trim($temp);
return $temp;
}
?>`
14-Jun-2005 09:54
`here's a heads up folks.
in the event that you want to check the result of a trim for being empty the following code fails::
$emptyvar = " ";
if ( empty(trim($emptyvar)) )
{
echo "It was empty";
}
this code works as expected::
$emptyvar = " ";
$check = trim($emptyvar);
if ( empty($check) )
{
echo "It was empty";
}`
okumurya at hotmail dot com
05-Jun-2005 04:01
`fread/fwrite blocks program when no data available.
so, you consider use select system call.
following is example.
<?php
/**
*
* write/read pipe
*
* @param resource $w_fp write file handle
* @param resource $r_fp read file handle
* @param string $input
* @return string
*/
function _writeread_pipe(&$w_fp, &$r_fp, $input) {
$output = '';
$write_bytes = 0;
//
while (True) {
if (!isset($r_fp) && !isset($w_fp)) break;
$read = isset($r_fp) ? array($r_fp) : Null;
$write = isset($w_fp) ? array($w_fp) : Null;
// select pipes
$r = stream_select($read,
$write,
$except = Null,
30
);
if ($r === False) {
return PEAR::raiseError('process timeout');
}
// read pipe
if (isset($read) && isset($read[0])) {
do {
$buf = fread($r_fp, 1024);
if (strlen($buf) == 0) {
fclose($r_fp);
$r_fp = Null;
break;
}
$output .= $buf;
} while (True);
}
// write pipe
if (isset($write) && isset($write[0])) {
$r = fwrite($w_fp, substr($input, $write_bytes));
if ($r === False) {
return PEAR::raiseError('process write error');
}
$write_bytes += $r;
if ($write_bytes == strlen($input)) {
fclose($w_fp);
$w_fp = Null;
}
}
}
return $output;
}
?>`
thom at xmods dot hu
23-May-2005 01:54
`Hi everybody.
I make a registration page, and i want to drop \ t \n \r ...etc.
I send the trim function to the post but the trim not work good because if i send the post with \ t or \ r or \n it's work but later i have got an empty registration.
Here is the code:
$fullname = trim($_POST['regfullname']);
$messenger = trim($_POST['regmsn']);
$nick = trim($_POST['regnick']);
$telefon = trim($_POST['regtel']);
$email = trim($_POST['regemail']);
$www = trim($_POST['regwww']);
$pass1 = trim($_POST['regpassword1']);
$pass2 = trim($_POST['regpassword2']);
$icq = trim($_POST['regicq']);
$signature = trim($_POST['regsignature']);
$config = trim($_POST['regconfig']);
$protect = array(
"<" => "&lt;",
">" => "&gt;",
"&" => "&amp;",
"\"" => "&quot;",
"'" => "&#39;",
"\n" => " ",
"\t" => " ",
"\r" => " ",
"\0" => " ",
"\x0B" => "",
" " => ""
);
$protectmail = array(
"@" => "(KUKAC)",
"." => "(PONT)"
);
$fullname = strtr($fullname, $protect);
$messenger = strtr($messenger, $protect);
$nick = strtr($nick, $protect);
$telefon = strtr($telefon, $protect);
$email = strtr($email, $protectmail);
$www = strtr($www, $protect);
$pass1 = strtr($pass1, $protect);
$pass2 = strtr($pass2, $protect);
$icq = strtr($icq, $protect);
$signature = strtr($signature, $protect);
$config = strtr($config, $protect);`
dmr37 at cornell dot edu
17-May-2005 12:47
`Note that manithu's post on 29-Mar-2005 02:49 for identifying strings that only contain whitespaces will also identify strings like "0" and " 0 " as being empty. If you want to check whether something ONLY has whitespaces, use the following:
<?php
if (trim($foobar)=='') {
echo 'The string $foobar only contains whitespace!';
}
?>`
admin at semaster dot ru
30-Mar-2005 07:37
`Another recursive trim function for multi-dimensional arrays ( uses only trim function :)
function array_trim($arr, $charlist=null){
foreach($arr as $key => $value){
if (is_array($value)) $result[$key] = array_trim($value, $charlist);
else $result[$key] = trim($value, $charlist);
}
return $result;
}`
manithu
29-Mar-2005 11:49
`An faster (and eleganter) way than using regular expressions to check if a string only contains whitespaces is to use trim().
Example:
<?php
if (!trim($foobar)) {
echo 'The string $foobar is empty!';
}
?>
I hope this helps somebody.`
04-Mar-2005 10:25
`It is important to stress that trim() only removes whitespace characters from the *beginning* and *end* of str. To remove whitespace characters embedded within a string (newlines, for instance) you can use str_replace(), searching for and destroying both \n and \r characters.`
Rook
16-Feb-2005 10:29
`Recursive trim function for multi-dimensional arrays:
<?php
function trim_array($x)
{
if (is_array($x)) {
return array_map('trim_array', $x);
}
return trim($x);
}
$_POST = array_map('trim_array', $_POST);
?>`
Hayley Watson
07-Feb-2005 04:46
`Another way to trim all the elements of an array
<?php
$newarray = array_map('trim', $array);
?>`
abderzack host provider hotmail dot com
12-Nov-2004 07:44
`To eliminate all the empty strings from my array, I used the array_filter, that way :
1.
I defined a function returning true iff the passed as parameter string is NOT empty.
function notEmpty($string)
{
return !empty($string);
}
2.Use array filter :
$myarray = array_filter($myarray ,"notEmpty");
That's it.
Of course, if you want to prove your mama you can write unreadable code, you can create an anonymous function, by using the create_function, instead of declaring the function notEmpty.
Hope that will help you.`
root at andthesito dot net
06-Oct-2004 04:33
`About trim all elements in an array.
May be
array_walk($db ,create_function('&$arr','$arr=trim($arr);'));
could be better than :
foreach ($db as $key=>$value) { $db[$key]=trim($value); }`
webmaster __AT__ digitalanime __DOT__ nl
26-May-2004 02:50
`To:
mrizzo at advancedsl dot com dot ar
And what about array_map()? :)
<?php
$myarray = array(
'hello' => ' bye ',
'hey' => ' howdie',
'haai' => ' today'
);
array_map('trim', $myarray);
?>
:)`
jubi at irc dot pl
20-Apr-2004 06:48
`To remove multiple occurences of whitespace characters in a string an convert them all into single spaces, use this:
<?
$text = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $text);
?>
------------
JUBI
http://www.jubi.buum.pl`
mrizzo at advancedsl dot com dot ar
16-Jul-2003 02:00
`About trim all elements in an array.
array_filter($db, 'trim') doesn't work becouse it does NOT modify array's elements, it only returns a copy from those elements which return true on the callback function.
I think that:
foreach ($db as $key=>$value) { $db[$key]=trim($value); }
still being the best option.`
rwelti at yahoo dot com
02-Jul-2003 05:45
`Regarding the editor's note to rhelic above about how to trim all elements in an array:
I wanted a perl "chomp" of newlines for all elements in an array.
I tried array_filter for a long time, but rhelic's straightforward way is what worked.
// chomp newlines off all elements in stations array
$stations = array_filter($stations, 'trim'); // editor's way - nope
foreach ($stations as $key => $value) {
$stations[$key] = trim($value); } // works fine
using PHP 4.3.1 on Solaris`
HW
05-Jun-2003 06:32
`You can combine character ranges and individual characters in trim()'s second argument (ditto for ltrim and rtrim). All of the specified characters and ranges will be used concurrently (i.e., if a character on either end of the string matches any of the specified charaters or character ranges, it will be trimmed). The characters and character ranges can be in any order (except of course that the character ranges need to be specified in increasing order) and may overlap.
E.g., trim any nongraphical non-ASCII character:
trim($text,"\x7f..\xff\x0..\x1f");`
olivierdsm at hotmail dot com
02-Jun-2003 10:42
`I just wanted to say that when you want to do a LDAP query based on a form value (i mean something like : <form method="POST" action="script_createnewticket.php" name="demande2">) dynamicaly updated from a popup javascript , (for example <a onclick=" opener.document.forms['demande2'].elements['thename3'].value='my name') it doesn't work.
It took me 2 days to find out that when you use trim, to "convert" the value, then it works.
-------------------------
$thename4=trim($thename3);
$ds=ldap_connect("$myldapserver"); // connects to the LDAP SERVER
if (!($ds = ldap_connect("$myldapserver") ) ) {
die ("Could not connect to LDAP server");
}
$r=ldap_bind($ds, "cn=".$NTusername, $NTpassword);
$sr = ldap_search($ds, ' ', "uid=".$thename4);
$info = ldap_get_entries($ds, $sr);
-------------------------------------
only on this case you will get results.
Strange and good to know`
bishop
25-Apr-2003 03:56
`[Editor: I botched my last note; please delete and use this one]
Non-breaking spaces can be troublesome with trim (as per an earlier comment):
// turn some HTML with non-breaking spaces into a "normal" string
$myHTML = "&nbsp;abc";
$converted = strtr($myHTML, array_flip(get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES, ENT_QUOTES)));
// this WILL NOT work as expected
// $converted will still appear as " abc" in view source
// (but not in od -x)
$converted = trim($converted);
// &nbsp; are translated to 0xA0, so use:
$converted = trim($converted, "\xA0");
// PS: Thanks to John for saving my sanity!`
Joshua dot Logsdon at ohiou dot edu
30-Jan-2003 03:51
`In response to the line mentioned above...
$clean = trim($binary,"\0x00..\0x1F");
I was also able to get
$clean = trim($binary,"\0x00-\0x1F");
to function.`
daggillies at yahoo dot com
03-Jun-2002 11:57
`NOTE:
All the above examples using ereg_replace with an escape code of \v are BROKEN! \v is NOT an escape code in PHP. Using a regexp of \v e.g.
$str=ereg_replace("[\r\t\n\v]","",$str);
will remove any instances of the letter 'v' from your string. So 'Activity' becomes 'Actiity'. Probably not what you want.
Here is a small function I use to strip whitespace from the end of strings and squash repeated whitespace down to a single space in the middle of strings:
function wsstrip(&$str)
{
$str=ereg_replace (' +', ' ', trim($str));
$str=ereg_replace("[\r\t\n]","",$str);
}
David Gillies
San Jose
Costa Rica`
j dot metzger at steptown dot com
26-May-2002 10:21
`Be careful when you use the charlist with the hex-codes...
use e.g. \x22 instead of \0x22 (this last thing won't work).
An example to strip quotes ' " ' (double quotes) and " ' " (single quotes) is to do this:
$example[0]='"hello"';
$example[1]="'baby'"
foreach ($example as $key => $val)
$example[$key]=trim($val,"\x22\x27");
# this works brilliant, but be aware:
# $example[$key]=trim($val,"\0x22\0x27");
# won't work !!!
-> tested on php 4.2.1`
REMOVETHISNOSPAMkilling at bluecarrots dot com
19-Mar-2002 09:30
`If you want to totally stop windows (dunno about other os's) peeps from adding spaces (say, you need to check there name against a special one to stop impersonations) use this:
$nick = ereg_replace("[\r\n\t\v\ �]", "", trim($nick));
It has the alt code 0160 added to it`
tbm.at.home.dot.nl
14-Mar-2002 11:30
`Windows uses two characters for definining newlines, namely ASCII 13 (carriage return, "\r") and ASCII 10 (line feed, "\n") aka CRLF. So if you have a string with CRLF's, trim() won't recognize them as being one newline. To solve this you can use str_replace() to replace the CRLF's with with a space or something.
<?php
// string with bunch of CRLF's
$my_string = "Liquid\r\nTension Experiment\r\n\r\n\r\n";
// replace CRLF's with spaces
$my_wonderful_string = str_replace("\r\n", " ", $my_string);
// would result in "Liquid Tension Experiment "
// or just delete the CRLF's (by replacing them with nothing)
$my_wonderful_string = str_replace("\r\n", "", $my_string);
// would result in "LiquidTension Experiment"
?>`
thibs at thibs dot com
16-Oct-2001 08:16
`[Editor's Note:
ltrim() is a better choice for this task. You can also use rtrim() to trim from the end of the string.
--zak@php.net]
To erase space just at the beginning of the string, use :
$string = eregi_replace("^[[:space:]]+", "", $string);`
cgi at harrison dot org
13-Dec-2000 08:02
`To replace all excess white spaces with a single space try:
print $pizza = "One Two Three Four";
$pizza = eregi_replace("[[:space:]]+", " ", $pizza);`
13-Oct-2000 02:25
`To compact any number of spaces inside a string to a single space, use the following code:
print $pizza = "Teil1�����������Teil2���������Teil3�����Teil4�Teil5�Teil6�������������df\n";
$pizza = ereg_replace (' +', ' ', $pizza);`
alivesay at yellowbrix dot com
24-Jul-2000 06:35
`If you are trying to take out whitespace from the middle of a string, you need to use a different function, str_replace:
<PRE>str_replace(" ", "", "United Kingdom);</PRE>
[Editor's note:
This strips *all* spaces present in the string, not just the ones in the middle
]`
add a note
ucfirst substr

Last updated: Sat, 27 Jan 2007
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